When the Was Titanic Found

After the sinking of the Titanic on April 15, 1912, the great ship slumbered on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean for over 70 years before its wreckage was discovered. On September 1, 1985, a joint American-French expedition, headed by famous American oceanographer Dr. Robert Ballard, found the Titanic over two miles below the ocean’s surface by using an unmanned submersible called Argo. This discovery gave new meaning to the Titanic’s sinking and gave birth to new dreams in ocean exploration. The Titanic’s Journey Built in Ireland from 1909 to 1912 on behalf of the British-owned White Star Line, the Titanic officially left the European port of Queenstown, Ireland, on April 11, 1912. Carrying over 2,200 passengers and crew, the great ship  began its maiden voyage across the Atlantic, headed for New York. The Titanic carried passengers from all walks of life. Tickets were sold to first-, second-, and third-class passengers—the latter group largely consisting of immigrants seeking a better life in the United States. Famous first-class passengers included J. Bruce Ismay, the managing director of the White Star Line; business magnate Benjamin Guggenheim; and members of the Astor and Strauss families. The Sinking of the Titanic Only three days after setting sail, the Titanic struck an iceberg at 11:40 p.m. on April 14, 1912, somewhere in the North Atlantic. Although it took the ship over two and a half hours to sink, the vast majority of the crew and passengers perished due to a significant lack of lifeboats and improper use of those that did exist. The lifeboats could have held over 1,100 people, but only 705 passengers  were saved; nearly 1,500 perished the night the Titanic sank. People around the world were shocked when they heard that the â€Å"unsinkable† Titanic had sunk. They wanted to know the details of the disaster. Yet, however much the survivors could share, theories about how and why the Titanic sank would remain unsubstantiated until the wreckage of the great ship could be found. There was just one problem—no one was sure exactly where the Titanic had sunk. An Oceanographers Pursuit For as long as he could remember, Robert Ballard had wanted to find the wreckage of the Titanic. His  childhood in San Diego, California, near the water sparked his life-long fascination with the ocean, and he learned to scuba dive as soon as he was able. After graduating from the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1965 with degrees in both chemistry and geology, Ballard signed up for the Army. Two years later, in 1967, Ballard transferred to the Navy, where he was assigned to the Deep Submergence Group at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Research Institution in Massachusetts, thus beginning his illustrious career with submersibles. By 1974, Ballard had received two doctoral degrees (marine geology and geophysics) from the University of Rhode Island and had spent a lot of time conducting deep-water dives in Alvin,  a manned submersible he helped design. During subsequent dives in 1977 and 1979 near the Galapagos Rift, Ballard helped discover hydrothermal vents, which led in turn to the discovery of  the amazing plants that grew around these vents. Scientific analysis of these plants led to the discovery of chemosynthesis, a process in which plants use chemical reactions rather than sunlight to get energy. However many shipwrecks Ballard explored and however much of the ocean floor he mapped, Ballard never forgot about the Titanic. â€Å"I always wanted to find the Titanic, Ballard has said.  That was a Mt. Everest in my world—one of those mountains that had never been climbed.†* Planning the Mission Ballard wasn’t the first to try to find the Titanic. Over the years, there had been several teams that  had set out to find the wreckage of the famous ship; three of them had been funded by millionaire oilman Jack Grimm. On his last expedition in 1982, Grimm had taken an underwater picture of what he believed to be a propeller from the Titanic; others believed it was only a rock. The hunt for the Titanic was to continue, this time with Ballard. But first, he needed funding. Given Ballards history with the U.S. Navy, he decided to ask them to fund his expedition. They agreed, but not because they had a vested interest in finding the long-lost ship. Instead, the Navy  wanted to use the technology Ballard would create to also help them find and investigate the wreckage of two nuclear submarines (the USS Thresher and the USS Scorpion) that had been mysteriously lost in the 1960s. Ballard’s search for the Titanic provided a nice cover story for the Navy, who wanted to keep their search for their lost submarines a secret from the Soviet Union. Amazingly, Ballard maintained the secrecy of his mission even as he built the technology and used it to find and explore the remains of the USS Thresher  and the remains of the USS Scorpion. While Ballard was investigating these wreckages, he learned more about debris fields, which would prove crucial in finding the  Titanic. Once his secret mission was complete, Ballard was able to focus on searching for the Titanic. However, he  now had only two weeks in which to do it. Locating the Titanic It was late August 1985 when Ballard finally began his search. He  had invited a French research team, led by Jean-Louis Michel, to join this expedition. Aboard the Navy’s oceanographic survey ship, the Knorr, Ballard and his team headed to the likely location of the Titanic’s resting place—1,000 miles due east of Boston, Massachusetts. While previous expeditions had used close sweeps of the ocean floor to search for the Titanic, Ballard  decided to conduct mile-wide sweeps in order to cover more area. He was able to do this for two reasons. First, after examining the wreckage of the two submarines, he discovered that ocean currents often swept lighter pieces of the wreck downstream, thus leaving a long debris trail. Secondly, Ballard had engineered a new unmanned submersible (Argo) that could explore wider areas, dive deeper, stay underwater for many weeks, and deliver crisp and clear pictures of what it found. This meant that Ballard and his team could stay on board the Knorr and monitor the images taken from Argo, with the hopes that those images would capture small, man-made pieces of debris. The Knorr arrived in the area on August 22, 1985, and began sweeps of the area using Argo. In the early morning hours of September 1, 1985, the first glimpse of the Titanic in 73 years appeared on Ballard’s screen. Exploring 12,000 feet below the ocean’s surface, the Argo relayed the image of one of the Titanic’s boilers embedded within the sandy surface of the ocean’s floor. The team on the Knorr was ecstatic about the discovery, although the realization that they were floating atop the graves of nearly 1,500 individuals lent a somber tone to their celebration. The expedition proved to be instrumental in shedding light on the Titanic’s sinking. Prior to the discovery of the wreckage, there was some belief that the Titanic had sunk in one piece. The 1985 images did not give researchers definitive information on the ship’s sinking; however, it did establish some basic foundations that countered early myths. Subsequent Expeditions Ballard returned to the Titanic in 1986 with new technology that allowed him to further explore the interior of the majestic ship. Images were collected that showed the remains of the beauty that so captivated those who had seen the Titanic at its height. The Grand Staircase, still-hanging chandeliers, and intricate  iron-work were all photographed during Ballard’s second successful expedition. Since 1985, there have been several dozen expeditions to the Titanic. Many of these expeditions have been controversial since salvagers brought up several thousand artifacts from the ship’s remains. Ballard has been widely outspoken against these efforts, claiming that he felt the ship deserved to rest in peace. During his two initial expeditions, he decided not to bring any discovered artifacts to the surface. He felt that others should honor the sanctity of the wreckage in a similar fashion. The most proliferate salvager of Titanic artifacts has been RMS Titanic Inc.  The company has brought many notable artifacts to the surface, including a large piece of the ship’s hull, passenger luggage, dinnerware, and even documents preserved in oxygen-starved compartments of steamer trunks. Due to negotiations between its predecessor company and the French government, the RMS Titanic group initially could not sell the artifacts, only put them on display and charge admission to recoup expenses and generate profit. The largest exhibition of these artifacts, over 5,500 pieces,  is located in Las Vegas, Nevada, at the Luxor Hotel, under the direction of the RMS Titanic Groups new name, Premier Exhibitions Inc. Titanic Returns to the Silver Screen Although the Titanic has been featured in numerous films through the years, it was James Cameron’s 1997 film, Titanic, that stimulated massive, worldwide interest in the ship’s fate. The movie became one of the most popular films ever made. The 100th Anniversary The 100th Anniversary of the sinking of the Titanic in 2012 also fueled renewed interest in the tragedy, 15 years after Cameron’s film. The wreckage site is now eligible to be named a protected area as a UNESCO World Heritage site, and Ballard is also working to preserve what remains. An expedition in August 2012  revealed that increased human activity has caused the ship to break down at a faster rate than previously expected. Ballard came up with a plan to slow the process of degradation—painting the Titanic while it remains 12,000 feet below the ocean’s surface—but the plan was never implemented.   The discovery of the Titanic was a momentous accomplishment,  but not only is the world conflicted about how to care for this historical wreck, but its existing artifacts could also now be in jeopardy. Premier Exhibitions Inc. filed for bankruptcy in 2016, asking permission from the bankruptcy court to sell the  Titanics artifacts. As of this publication, the court has not made a ruling on the request.

Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet and Baz Luhrmanns Romeo...

William Shakespeares The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, set in 16th century Verona, Italy shares differences with Baz Luhrmanns Romeo + Juliet, set in modern day Verona Beach. These stories contain the same characters and conflict, however major and minor discrepancies are galore in the story lines of both formats of William Shakespeares creation. Some major inconsistencies occur, such as Mercutio dying at a beach, portrayed as a hero, instead of being at a bar, looking like a fool, Friar Lawrences letter is successfully sent to Romeo by mail carriers, however he does not have the opportunity to read it, unlike in the play version, where Romeo does not get the letter from Friar John, and is told the news by Balthazar, and nobody†¦show more content†¦Mercutio steps in to protect his friend, Romeo, from the dangers of the villainous Tybalt Capulet. Unfortunately, Mercutio dies in both versions of Shakespeares The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, never making it to the end of the sto ry lines. However, Mercutio dies portrayed as a hero in Luhrmanns portrayal of Romeo and Juliet, by attempting to save Romeo from Tybalt, unlike in the play, where he is seen as the joker he has always been. Mercutios portrayal as a hero probably occurred because of Luhrmanns dislike of the way Mercutio died in the play. Nonetheless, Mercutio still suffered the same fate that occurred to him in both versions. In addition to the alterations in Mercutios death, the letter from Friar Lawrence successfully makes it to Romeo in the movies portrayal of Mantua, however, he never has the chance to read it. This is different from Shakespeares play version since Friar John is supposed to give Romeo Friar Lawrences letter, unlike in the movie, where a mail service is attempting to deliver the letter. In Shakespeares original version, Friar John is held back at a plague quarantine as stated in ACT V, scene ii, Suspecting that we both were in a house where the infectious pestilence did reign, s ealed up the doors and would not let us forth... (V.ii.9-11), and was not allowed to leave the house where he was held back at to deliver the important message. In the movie, however, Romeo does get the letter from Friar Lawrence, butShow MoreRelatedBaz Luhrmanns Interpretation of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet1925 Words   |  8 PagesBaz Luhrmanns Interpretation of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Two households, both alike in dignity, In fair Verona (where we lay our scene) From ancient grudge break new mutiny, Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean From forth the fatal loins of these two foes A pair of star-crossed lovers take their lives Read MoreAnalysis of Baz Luhrmanns Use of Cinematic Devices in the Opening Scenes of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet2183 Words   |  9 PagesAnalysis of Baz Luhrmanns Use of Cinematic Devices in the Opening Scenes of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Baz Luhrmanns 1997 film version of Romeo and Juliet is updated to the modern age while still retaining the original dialogue. The opening shots are unusual but highly affective. Luhrmann starts off with a static long shot focusing on a TV inRead MoreShakespeares Romeo and Juliet Versus Baz Luhrmanns Version of the Play: Relationship Between Juliet and her Parents in Act 3 Scene 5 1024 Words   |  5 PagesRomeo and Juliet is a play created by a famous playwright called William Shakespeare. Baz Luhrmann adapted the play to create a modern version of Romeo and Juliet in 1996. There are many similarities and differences in how Baz Lurhmann and Shakespeare portray the relationship between Juliet and her parents. There are many times in the scene how Shakespeare uses language, structure and form to present the relationship between Juliet and her parents, while Baz Luhrmann reveals this relationship usingRead MoreComparison of Two Film Versions of Romeo and Juliet Essay733 Words   |  3 PagesVersions of Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare’s play ‘Romeo and Juliet’ was made into a film by two different directors. Baz Luhrmann’s to Franco Zeffirelli’s interpretation of Romeo and Juliet were very distinct and they both appeal to different age group audiences. Franco Zeffirelli’s version was the first film of Romeo and Juliet. It was produced in 1968 and it was quiet typical, exactly what the audience would have expected the film of ‘Romeo and Juliet’ to be. UnlikeRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Movie Comparison Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesIn the original play Romeo and Juliet written by William Shakespeare in 1587, throughout the years there have been movies made trying to convey the message that Shakespeare had wanted. The movies that will be examined in order to compare the differences on whether they are similar to the original are Baz Luhrmann’s 1996 version William Shakespeare’s Romeo + Juliet and Carlo Carlei’s 2013 version, Romeo Juliet. The movies are another version of the original play in terms of setting, tone and charactersRead MoreAppropriation Of Romeo And Juliet1135 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet. This is why director Baz Luhrmann created a modern film appropriation of the classic text called Romeo + Juliet. The film was constructed to appeal to a younger movie-going audience to assist them in understanding the original text by William Shakespeare through the use of strong visual and aural techniques. An appropriation involves taking a well known text and inserting it into another context. In order to modernise the classic text Romeo and Juliet a numberRead MoreThe Success of Baz Luhrmanns Romeo And Juliet1393 Words   |  6 PagesThe Success of Baz Luhrmanns Romeo And Juliet Baz Luhrmanns Romeo and Juliet was highly successful. The film sold millions at the box office and was well received by critics such as Paul Matthews who said that Romeo and Juliet was a, radical invention of a classic text. Although the film was released to late in the year to receive any awards, William Shakespeares Romeo + Juliet was and always will be considered a classic. The reason for the films success wasRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Film Analysis1458 Words   |  6 Pagessimultaneously, and especially when adapting Shakespeare. William Shakespeare’s Romeo + Juliet is an adaptation that has stirred much controversy since its release, and it’s easy to understand why. Critics deemed the film kitsch, tasteless, and even went as far as to dismiss it as â€Å"MTV Shakespeare† because of its fast-paced style and blatant advertisement in some of Shakespeare’s most important scenes. I thoroughly believe that Baz Luhrmann is attempting to get teenagers interested in ShakespeareRead MoreRomeo And Juliet, The Balcony Scene : As Interpreted By Franco Zeffirelli And Baz Luhrmann1415 Words   |  6 PagesRomeo and Juliet, The Balcony Scene: as interpreted by Franco Zeffirelli and Baz Luhrmann William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, debatably one of the most famous love stories of all, has many film versions which have interpreted this well-known, beloved story of love in a plethora of ways. Two of the more notable film versions of this love story are Franco Zeffirelli’s 1968 version and Baz Luhrmann’s 1997 version. Zeffirelli’s version takes place in the 16th century in Verona, Italy, just as theRead MoreComparing the Starts of Two Film Versions of Romeo and Juliet1744 Words   |  7 PagesFilm Versions of Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet is a timeless, classical love story written by the unmatched author, William Shakespeare. Many of Shakespeare’s works are considered literary classics, but none are more loved, well known than Romeo and Juliet. This play masterfully tells the love story of two teenagers in Verona, Italy. The title characters, Romeo and Juliet, are members of two feuding families. Romeo is a Montague and Juliet is a Capulet. There

The Effect of Outsourcing on Public Sector Organizations Free Essays

The Effect of Outsourcing on Public Sector Organizations JOHN H HANNAH III UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX The Effect of Outsourcing on Public Sector Organizations This paper will examine the particular issues associated with the impact of outsourcing on public sector organization’s performance and employee commitment. As the move to outsourcing is part of a wider phenonom for flexibility in the organizational, structure, development and change paradigms of public sector organizations. This paper begins by examining the problems associated with an outsourcing strategy in public sector organization. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Outsourcing on Public Sector Organizations or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many counties within the US, have chosen to outsource the investment and operation of non-competitive public services, such as water and waste management, public transports, mail services, information and communication technology services, facilities management and road infrastructures. Outsourcing today has become an essential revenue and growth strategy for almost every existing corporation. It creates flexibility in the company, ensuring the maximum utilization of available resources within the company. It also offers corporations cost advantages and help free up their management resources. Orange county government-anywhere USA, requested the services of a Home Land Security Specialist to assist in the collaborative, assessment, development and strategic enhancement of it municipality’s Information Technology (IT) and Critical Facilities’ (CF) upgrades and security. Upon the completion of plan, expectations and deliverables, a series of introductions with Directors, Managers and Supervisors, it was apparent the federal dollars associated with the project was indeed the motive for the invitation. In my initial general assessment and development of a strategy, the organization handbook was the first critical reading which uncovered a mission statement, values, ethical guidelines and the organizational cultural premise. â€Å"The Mayor’s outline the vision, values and mission as simple – to serve. You have an important job to do as we work to meet the needs of our citizens. We ensure that roads are built and maintained; we protect environmental resources; we respond to crisis and emergency situations; we staff facilities that care for people; and we ensure that the quality of life of our citizens is protected our challenge is to build on the strengths of our diverse community so that everyone can enjoy the very best Orange County has to offer. We are committed to maintaining an organization where citizens are engaged in civic affairs, take ownership in their government and have input in the decision making process†. The following core values serve as our foundation: 1. FAIRNESS, 2. WORK ETHIC 3. INTEGRITY AND CHARACTER 4. EXCELLENCE AND INNOVATION: 5. PROFESSIONALISM AND ACCOUNTABILITY (Orange County Government, 2012) . The role of the Security Specialist in this public sector organization is to examine the particular issues associated with the impact of outsourcing on public sector organization’s performance and employee commitment and develop a strategy to move this organization toward outsourcing initially in the areas of IT and CF. Provide an assessment and evaluation of the organizational readiness for change in the area of outsourcing. This paper begins by examining the problems associated with an outsourcing strategy in public sector organization in the form of an assessment. As public sector moves to outsourcing as part of a wider strategy to increase flexibility in the organizational, structure, development and change paradigms of public sector organization. Outsourcing helps organizations to be focused. Since the most valuable resource within management is time, once a process is successfully outsourced, the management gets more and effective time to explore new revenue streams, time to accelerate other projects and time to focus on customers. Traditionally executives spend 80 percent of their time managing details, and only 20 percent on planning and customer relations, in other words, a successful outsourcing process can help reverse this ratio. Outsourcing can also help companies to have access to new technologies that might not be used in their company. This is mainly because the outsourcers use the latest state-of-the art technologies to serve their private sector clients. And this might also increase the change paradigm shift and rapid migration of these companies to new technology. Outsourcing also helps multi functional areas and department of a public sector providing the benefit of 24-hour operational cycles and providing necessary services to their customer. The ever- growing pressure for increased productivity and profitability of city, county and state governments thus, the pressures to reduce costs and improve productivity are the main factors that influenced the beginning of offshore outsourcing. For example, the main advantages to move production to private contracting of products and services to reduce in-house human resources management cost. Hence, today outsourcing has become an attractive and powerful strategy for companies to reduce cost and improve performance. These models provide theoretical guidelines upon which valid and reliable organizational assessments should be based. All of these models provide value to management and human resource organizational leaders performing organizational assessments based on a internal aspects or a system theory evaluation approach (Erwin Garman, 2010). The McKinsey 7S Framework model is used as a tool to assess and monitor changes in the internal situation of an organization closed system assessment. The model is based on the theory that, for an organization to perform well, these seven elements need to be aligned and mutually reinforcing. So, the model can be used to help identify what needs to be realigned to improve performance, or to maintain alignment (and performance) during other types of change. The basic premise of the model is that there are seven internal aspects of an organization that need to be aligned if it is to be successful evaluation and assessment tool. The Seven Interdependent Elements of the 7s model are Hard elements (strategy, structure and systems) and the Soft Elements (shared values, skills, style and staff) (Waterman, Peters, Phillips, 1980) Burke Litwin Model (The Casual Model of Organizational Performance Change) – The Burke Litwin Model, suggests linkages that hypothesize how performance is affected by internal and external factors. It provides a framework to assess organizational and environmental dimensions that are keys to successful change and it demonstrates how these dimensions should be linked causally to achieve a change in performance. According to Burke-Litwin’s model, an organization may conduct a change intervention in stages as they relate to a specific focus in two stages â€Å"First order and Second order† changes. If an OD intervention is directed toward structure, systems, and management practice result, it can be considered a first order change, if interventions are directed toward mission, strategy, leadership, and organizational culture then result in second order change (Burke Litwin, 1992). The Marvin Weisbord-Six-Box Model (Weisbord’s Model) is designed to assess the functioning of organizations based mainly on the techniques and assumptions of the field of organizational development. The model represents a particular way of looking at organizational structure and design. It gives attention to issues such as planning, incentives and rewards, the role of support functions such as personnel, internal competitions among organizational units, standards for remuneration, partnerships, hierarchies and the delegation of authority, organizational control, accountability and performance assessment. The model also follows the basic ‘systems’ approach to organizational functioning including the well-known inputs and ‘outputs’ categories. The six-box model is comprised of the following components (boxes): (1). Purposes, (2). Structure, (3) relationships; (4). Rewards, (5). Leadership, (6). Coordinating technologies. The only disadvantage to this model is it s design to only address internal environments (Weisbord, 1978). An open system organizational development theory and (Burke Litwin) model will be utilized to conduct a diagnosis analysis planned change assessment to the organization. These changes are usually designed to address an organization problem or to help an organization prepare for future. It is the one method of quickly bringing change, which focus on human and social aspects of the organization as a way to improve organization’s ability to adapt and solve problems. The best theory is developed from practice; the best practice should be grounded in theory (Seeger, 2006; Brown, 2011). The Burke Litwin Model hypothesizes’ how performance is affected by internal and external factors. Public sector management occurs within a complex, dynamic system involving stakeholders, coupled with informational and resource material flows and behaviour that is characterized by interactions related to internal and external environments. According to Burke-Litwin’s model, an organization may conduct a change intervention in stages as they relate to a specific focus in two stages â€Å"First order and Second order† changes. If an OD intervention is directed toward structure, systems, and management practice result, it can be considered a first order change, if interventions are directed toward mission, strategy, leadership, and organizational culture then result in second order change (Burke Litwin, 1992). The theory of Organizational readiness for change is considered a multi-level, multi-faceted construct. From and organization-level construct, readiness for change refers to organizational members’ shared resolve to implement a change (change commitment) and shared belief in their collective capability to do so (change efficacy). Organizational readiness for change varies as a function of how much organizational member’s value the change and how favorably they appraise three key determinants of implementation capability: task demands, resource availability, and situational factors. When organizational readiness for change is high, organizational members are more likely to initiate change, exert greater effort, exhibit greater persistence, and display more cooperative behavior (Weiner, 2009). References Bateman, T. S. , Snell, S. A. (2007). Management: Leading collaboratiing in a competitive world (7th ed. . New York, NY: McGraw Hill – Irwin. Boland, T. , Fowler, A. (2000). A systems perspective of performance management in public sector management. The International Journal of Public Sector organizations, 13(5), 417-446. doi:10. 1108/09513550010350832 Brown, D. R. (2011). An experiential approach to organization development (8th ed. ). Boston, MA: Prentice Hall. Burke, W. W. , Litwin, G. H. (1992). Causal model of organization performance and change’. Journal Management, 18(3), 523-545. doi:10. 1177/014920639201800306 Erwin, D. G. , Garman, A. N. (2010). Resistance to organizational change: Linking research and practice,. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 31(1), 39-56. doi:10. 1108/01437731011010371 Harrison, M. I. , Shirom, A. (1999). Organizational diagnosis and assessment: Bridging theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Kotter, J. (1995). Leading change: Why transformation efforts fail. Harvard Business Review, 59-67. Retrieved from http://89. 248. 0. 102/upload/Topplederprogrammet/Kotter. pdf Lewin, K. (1951). Field Theory in Social Science. London, England: Harper Row. Orange County Government. 2012, April). Employee Handbook. Fl. Retrieved from http://www. ocfl. net/Portals/0/resourcelibrary/employment-employehandbook. pdf Waterman, R. , Peters, T. J. , Phillips, J. R. (1980). Structure is not organization. Mckinsey Quarterly, 2-20. Retrieved from http://www. tompeters. com/docs/Structure_Is_Not_Organization. pdf Weisbord, M. (1978). Organizational Diagnosis: A Workbook of Theory and Practice. Addison-wesle y. Wiener, B. J. (2009). A theory of organizational readiness for change. Implementation Science, 4, 67. doi:10. 1186/1748-5908-4-67 How to cite The Effect of Outsourcing on Public Sector Organizations, Papers

Study Report The Newborn Babie

Question: Observe a newborn less than three month of age either via a video or real-life. Answer: The new born babies are born with innate communication and behavioral skills. New born babies are ready for communication by their body movements, cries and visual response and they use this as their language. The behavioral state of a new born baby arises from one of the six state of consciousness. The state consists of two sleep state, three awake state, and one transitional state. These are quiet sleep, active sleep, quiet alert, active alert, active crying and drowsiness (Medline Plus, 2011). The new babies face expressions and the movements of the body varies in every state. The new born with healthy nervous system gradually and smoothly transits from one state to other state. The new born normal development occurs gradually. The major developments are explained below: 1. Physical development:In this the gain in weight and height. In the first week the baby sheds some weight and then gain regain it by the end of the next week (Seidel, Henry M., Rosenstein, et al, 2001). 2. Cognitive development: In this the babys brains develop. 3. Emotional and social development: It includes the babys cry when uncomfortable, communication through eye movements and mimicking with their tongues so as to copy the mother or someone else. 4. Language development: The listening skills helps in absorbing sounds and languages and thus develops the foundation of speech. 5. Sensory and motor skills development: The new born has all the five senses. The first sense that develops is sense of touch. Vision also develops but on a slow scale. Motor skill also develops starting with the head and moving to trunk, legs and hands. In a new born it is seen that the most dominant state is active sleep. The new born sleeps for 15 to a8 hours daily and that is the reason it is known as the dominant state. Inside the womb for nine months the baby is sitting in the womb closing his eyes so in the initial months the baby used to those patterns of sleep only but with time gradually and slowly he develops alternate patterns of sleeping and waking. This stage is the one which is prevailing in first few months regularly. In this stage only the babies motor skills also develop (Stettler N, Bhatia J, Parish A, Stallings VA, 2006). First his head movement starts than the movement of trunk, hands and legs takes place. Its a top to down process starting from head to legs. Initially turning of head, throwing legs and hands in generally seen in the first three months. The movements up till the eight week are not under the control of the baby. They are involuntary movements with out any intention. The baby does not push away dur ing feeding periods or he tries to grab a toy all these activities are involuntary. After three months only the baby gazes his/her hands and understands that the fist and fingers are a part of their body. The motor skills are not well developed during the first three months but they have started developing at their own pace. The baby has some in born neonatal reflexes or primitive reflexes. These are called the inborn behvioural pattern that is developed during the uterine life. The development is completed at the time of birth and are fully developed. These reflexes are gradually inhibited by the higher centers present in the brain in the period of 0 to 12 months. The reflex includes sucking, swallowing, blinking of eyes, passing urine, hiccupping, and defecating (Bein-Wierzbinski, 2011). These reflexes are natural and are not taught to the baby. These are involuntary, unintentional movements that are important for the survival of the baby. They are named as moro reflex, asymmetrical tonic neck reflex, symmetrical tonic neck reflex, grasping reflex, sucking reflex, rooting reflex, planting reflex, blinking reflex, pupillary reflex, gallant reflex and stepping reflex. The five things that can calm a new born baby are explained below: 1. Swaddling: wrapping the baby makes the baby feel that he is returned to the womb and it keeps the baby from flailing arms. 2. Side/Stomach: The babies calm down when they lie on their sides or on their stomach. As it resembles the same wombs position of the baby 3. Shhhh:If a sound shh is made than it calms the baby as it is the same sound that he was listening in the stomach. Making a shh sound from the mouth and two or four inches away from the babys ear calm a baby. 4. Swinging:Rhythmic movements calms a baby as it is the same jiggling movement that the baby has felt inside the uterus. They can be done by baby slings, carrier, dancing, rocking chairs, rides and the bouncy seat. 5. Sucking: If a pacifier a finger or the nipples of the breast is put ino the babys mouth he calm down as it satisifies the hunger (Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, 2011). The interactive patterns of a baby are more with the individual with which he spends a lot of time, it can be the mother or any other person. The baby interacts by making slow voices or crying. The interaction in the first few months is very less as the baby sleeps for about 16 hours in a day. The baby interaction can be seen by finding ways to calm him, by getting known to his sleeping, waking and feed patterns. If the things the baby wants is done on time and accordingly than the interaction is improved and is more perfect. Summing up, a new born baby is born with unintentional movements and inborn reflexes. He/she with time develops all the things that start from movements, turning, eating, running and walking. References Bein-Wierzbinski, W. "Persistent Primitive Reflexes in Elementary School Children."Presented at the 13th European Conference of Neuro-Developmental Delay in Children with Specific Learning DifficultiesChester, UK (2001). Seidel, Henry M., Rosenstein, et al.Primary Care of the Newborn,3rd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 2001. Stettler N, Bhatia J, Parish A, Stallings VA, 2006 Feeding healthy infants, children, and adolescents. Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds.Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics.19th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 42.

Cynthia I. Quintana Essays - Othello, Iago, Roderigo, Brabantio

Cynthia I. Quintana Racial Background Effect in Othello During the Elizabethan times it was uncommon for black people to act out roles in plays. Shakespeare introduces this to his audience in two plays, the first Titus Andromicus and the second Othello. The first black character, Aaron, is portrayed as a secondary villain. Othello on the other hand is of higher status than many of his peers in the play. This was different for Shakespeare to present a minority person with such authority as a main character. Even with such, many different racial slurs were used by supporters to degrade him. In Act I, Scene I, Iago, the villain in this play and at the same time the right hand man of Othello, is screaming to Desdemona's father from the outside of his house "even now, now, very now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe" (Shakespeare 1051). The "thick-lips" (Shakespeare 1050) is mentioned in this play towards Othello but is not the first time Shakespeare uses it. He uses the phrase in Titus Andronicus to describe the biracial child of the Moor, Aaron. Moor is another term frequently used to identify those darker skinned people. (Shakespeare 1052). Brabantio goes as far as accusing Othello of witchcraft. He says that Othello must have used "drugs and minerals" to get Desdemona to marry his "sooty bosom". Iago instigates the characters in this play that do speak foul of Othello. It is quite obvious from the beginning of the story that Iago is betraying Othello. Iago mentions to Roderigo "I am not what I am". The choice of words he used towards Othello does not necessarily mean that he is a racist yet at the same time I do not feel that Othello's Quintana -2- background effects the events in this play. With or without Othello being a Moor the outcome of the play would have worked as well. Name-calling, which is how I describe what Iago was doing throughout the play, is a common way of trying to degrade someone even in today's society. You try to find something in your opponent that distinguishes him from yourself and the people who defend you and you use this to break down their esteem. Iago, out of jealousy, calls Othello names behind his back and still with all this. Iago is very clever in making Othello vulnerable to his word. Iago's manipulation to Othello is never specified to be race related although racial slurs are what he constantly repeats. He simply uses these remarks to mock Othello. This is evidence that leads me to believe that if Shakespeare would not have made Othello of the same race as the rest of the characters the plot of this story would have remained the same and it would have flowed just as well. Shakespeare would just have had to use other non-racial yet discriminating words against Othello. Love and jealousy are the central feelings portrayed in this story, not racism. All Iago wants is to take over the leadership power that Othello has. He enjoys creating chaos as all villains do and will stop at nothing to get what he wants. This demonstrates the evil he has within himself. Iago persuades Roderigo to sell all of his belongings so that there may be a chance between him and Desdemona. (Shakespeare 1065) Two-faced Iago also flourishes Desdemona with his praises. (Shakespeare 1068) is making himself out to be a loyal friend in her eyes everyone is easily influenced by Iago. He has his way with everyone. Neither Roderigo nor Desdemona are different in color Quintana -3- complexion for Iago to deceive them but he does anyway. They are all part of his betrayal. Iago is all for himself. He even goes to the extent of convincing his wife to steal a handkerchief from Desdemona and then made it part of his scheme. There were no limits for him. He took down whomever he had to. Even though Othello was black he was integrated into the Venetian society and was also the states military champion against the Turks, which made his status equal to that of Desdemona's father, Brabantio. Prior to Othello having eloped with Desdemona Brabantio had invited this Moor to his house and held this black man as one

Notre Dame Organum essays

Notre Dame Organum essays Notre Dame began having mass in 1163. At this time, this cathedral was arguably the most famous church in all of Europe, because of its architectural beauty. It was also a school for composers who later became remembered as the great contributors of that century. The musicians at the Notre Dame School were the first to solve the problem of notation with more than two voices by fixing a definite rhythm. Before this early polyphonic singers improvised. The music of Leonin (c.1159-c. 1201) and Perotin (c.1170-c. 1236) and their French contemporaries were very influential composers; their style of Mass was widely excepted and reproduced. Organum is defined as medieval polyphony based upon a cantus firmus. A cantus firmus is the preexistent melody used as the basis in polyphonic composition, which may be secular (folk style) or sacred (of the church). It was composed not-against-note and used florid Organum. From this polyphonic, multiple voice, music progressed to what was known as Notre Dame Organum. It is named Notre Dame Organum because it originated at the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. Paris was the center for polyphonic music (Organum) during the twelfth to thirteenth century. Many people believe that the Organum composed at the French Cathedral in Notre Dame was some of the most important advances in the history of music eve. This was the first time there was two or more independent lines of music at the same time. Obviously, this was very exciting. Leonin (Leoninus) was born in Paris in 1135 and died approximately 1201. He wasthe first known significant composer of polyphony. He received his training at the Notre Dame Cathedral schools and later became a priest at Notre Dame. He began the Magnus Liber Organi, or The Great Book of Organum. This book contained Graduals and Alleluias that he had altered. One of Leonins major contributions to music was a collection of Organum with two-part settings of portions of the ...

Living Downstream by Sandra Steingraber Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Living Downstream by Sandra Steingraber - Essay Example Everyone who reads will be moved to assume responsibility over the current state of the environment and the diseases that lurk in our planet. One of Steingarber’s major claims is that people are ignorant about the pressing issues concerning the preservation of the environment and human health. For the author, these two things are inseparable. Caring for the environment means caring for human health and vice versa. As such, the diseases from which many people suffer are found or caused by their environment. However, people are unaware of this problem. To prove her claim, Steingraber uses statistical data to illustrate how pesticides harm us. She cites that â€Å"75,000 chemicals now in commercial use, somewhat fewer than 5 to 10 percent of [can] be considered carcinogenic in humans. Five to 10 percent means 3,750 to 7,500 different chemicals. The number of substances we have identified and regulate as carcinogens is, at present, less than 200† (Steingraber 131). Additionally, she states that different types of cancer appear and cases get worse due to people’s unawareness of the cause. This information is truly surprising, and its impact on readers is deep. The identity of the author adds to the impact of her message. Her first-hand experience as a cancer patient makes her a credible commenter on environmental issues. With her personal reflections, she speaks directly to readers and convinces them to take her stand. Many science books are rather difficult to read due to the overflowing data they contain but Steingraber’s book, although it deals with science, is extraordinarily enticing because of the personal appeal of the author. She designed the book to make it appear literary while it contains factual and statistical evidences. The result of this style is an interesting work that readers will find easy to read and engaging. The narrative is made emotionally impactful by the personal

Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Human Rights - Essay Example licies, restrictions on its rent and sale that protected the source of income of rural corn and coffee raising by the indigenous people of Chiapas in order to comply with the requirement of the said agreement. By imposing these policies, the indigenous community started questioning their human rights because they found it unjust which led to an armed combat with the Mexican army in 1994. Exploiting the growing conflict between the government and interests of the indigenous people, entered the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) a revolutionary group who sided with the indigenous people and who fought war with the Mexican army in 1994 as their means of showing resistance to the state law in Chiapas. After the ceasefire and negotiation for two years, the Mexican State and the EZLN signed the San Andres accord for indigenous rights and culture that allowed some freedom in their governance and construction of legality for the indigenous people of Chiapas. But this accord didnâ⠂¬â„¢t stop the conflict between the Mexican government and the EZLN because the Mexican government failed to fully complete its provisions. Instead, the Mexican government and the local mestizo economic and landowner elites known as the â€Å"Coletos† counteracted the human rights claimed by the indigenous people and EZLN, claiming that the collective rights of the indigenous people and ELZN interfered with their personal liberties and rights as property owners. These rights that were claimed by the Mexican government and the Coletos prevented the indigenous people and the ELZN to establish their political autonomy and agricultural landholding collectives. This is a form of cultural imperialism because the Mexican government used their authority over the indigenous people on changing the states law and policies still for the benefit of the regime and elites. The regime and the elites will profit so much on the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1992 because the policies that was amended

Policy review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Policy review - Essay Example 2006: 1). Perioperative environment area is the sterile area that should be free of the infection-causing bacteria. Therefore preventing cross transmission of the MRO must be addressed in all perioperative settings including, day surgery, the surgical ward, the holding area, the surgery suite, and the PACU. It is the responsibility of all healthcare staff to protect themselves and their surgical patients from contracting MRO infections. The Infection Control Policy: Prevention and Management of Multi-Resistant Organisms (MRO), a policy directive of the NSW Department of Health, or PD2007_084 would guide all health workers in the prevention and management of MRO. The content of document, PD2007_084, the NSW Department of Health policy directive which is the Infection Control Policy: Prevention and Management of Multi-Resistant Organism (MRO) outlined the roles and responsibilities of healthcare staffs by highlighting the general and specific measures that should be observed as standar d practices in all healthcare units. The general measures refer to infection control measures, use of antimicrobials, and environmental cleaning. Specific measures included surveillance of MRO, screening patients and healthcare workers for MRO, risk categorisation of patients and healthcare workers for MRSA, decolonisation and clearing a patient of MRSA, and risk categorisation of patient care area. Guidelines on specimen collection, decolonisation protocol for MRSA, and relevant readings are also included in this policy. Lee and Bishop (2002:273-274) stated that nosocomial infections are grouped into two categories: exogenous infections and endogenous infections. Exogenous infections refer to those infections from the hospital environment, staff, other patients and visitors. Endogenous infections are cause by microorganism in the patient’s own normal flora, including hospital strains. Lee and Bishop (2002: 274-275) also stated that the Australian survey showed a higher preva lence of nosocomial infections in large teaching hospitals because they usually have a large reservoir of infection in intensive care unit, specialised burns unit and in transplant operations facilities. In Australia, there has been an increasing awareness of the importance of controlling and managing infection control in the recent years. All staffs are responsible to control hospital infection by observing the infection control policies and guidelines (Lee and Bishops, 2002: 276). Purpose of the Policy The purpose of infection control policy is primarily the prevention and management of MRO in healthcare facilitates so as to ensure the safety of patients and healthcare workers through the implementation of routine and standard practices of preventing and controlling the risk of transmission and colonisation of infectious agents. This will prevent fatal illness or death from MRO infection, prolonged hospital stays, readmissions, and additional diagnostic and treatment cost associat ed with such infectious contamination. Implementation would thereby improve the delivery of healthcare services and protect the lives of both patients and healthcare workers. The purpose of infection control policy is not only for the prevention and management of multi-resistant organism in the perioperative environment but also in every aspect of the

Distinguished From Combinations Of Words English Language Essay

Distinguished From Combinations Of Words English Language Essay Composition as a way of word-formation was very productive since Old English period and remains one of the most active types of word-building in Modern English. More than one third of neologisms in English are compound words. The goal of this research is to investigate what is a compound word, how it is built and how it can be distinguished from combinations of words. Enabling Objectives: to study the theory of the topic; to analyze gathered information; to draw relevant conclusions The hypothesis of the given work is that compounds play enormous role in English word formation. The methods of research Theoretical method (reading and analysing the theory of the word-formation in English language, composition); Practical method (searching compounds in Old English, and using Review of the literature : All the materials used by the author while doing this research were theoretical. Compounds and their criteria Compound words are words consisting of at least two stems which occur in the language as free forms (à Ã‚ Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ »Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’à Ã‚ ´ 1986:108). There are compound words among all notional parts of speech, but mostly among nouns and adjectives: synchronic word-formation system of English has a nominal character. Compound words are inseparable vocabulary units which are formally and semantically dependent on their components and relations between them. In Old English domineering structural patters of composition were: noun + noun, adjective + noun, noun + adjective. Here are some examples: Ä «s (ice, noun) + ceald (cold, adjective) = Ä «s-ceald (ice-cold, compound) [Online 1] In Middle English period compound nouns were numerous, for example tablecloth, penknife. New compounds consisted of preposition All the existing classifications of compound words represent a modified classification of Old Sanskrit Grammar where nominative compound words are subdivided into copulative (woman-doctor), determinative (air-mail) and exocentric (cut-throat) which are not typical of the English language. As English compounds consist of free forms it is difficult to distinguish them from combinations of words. [Online 2] What is the difference between a slow coach and a slowcoach? There are several criteria which can help to differentiate between them. 1.. Phonological criterion. Almost all compounds with a few exceptions always show a high stress on the first element. Compound adjectives are doubled-stressed: easy-going, snow-white. 2. Morphological criterion. Criterion of Formal Integrity was introduced by A.I. Smirnitsky. Comparing shipwreck and wreck of a ship with identical sets of morphemes and identical meaning he states that they differ. A word is characterized by structural integrity which is absent in a word-combination. Grammatical formants are added to the whole compound not to every component: shipwrecks, shipwrecks. 3. Syntactic criterion. We have no right to modify any component of a compound word or to change their order or to insert any word into its structure. L. Bloomfield points out that the word black in the phrase black birds can be modified by very, very black birds, but never in a compound blackbirds. 4. Graphical criterion. Compound words may have solid, hyphened and even separate spelling. The lack of uniformity in spelling makes this criterion insufficient and highly unreliable. The historical development of compounds and their Classsification Not all the compound words inherited by the vocabulary of English are preserved in the language in their primary form having undergone various phonetic changes, which reduced them to simple or root words. This process is called simplification of stems. The form of a compound word and its pronounciation may be changed so that it is hardly recognizable. The following examples serve as illustration: woman = wifmann (Old English, woman person), husband = husbonda (Old English, master of the house, bua to dwell). There are three ways to classify compound words. 1. Structural classification. Structurally, compounds are distinguished as endocentric (bookcase, sunrise), exocentric (cut-throat, daredevil), buhuvrihi  [1]  (bigwig, greenhorn) and syntactic compounds which correlate with phrases (baby-sitter) (à Ã‚ Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ »Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’à Ã‚ ´ 1986 :123) 2. According to the type of composition compounds are divided into 3 groups: a) Juxtaposition without linking elements (à Ã‚ Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ »Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’à Ã‚ ´ 1986:123): heartache, bookcase, film-star. b) Compounds with linking vowel and consonant (à Ã‚ Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ »Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’à Ã‚ ´ 1986:123): Afro-American, speedometer, handicraft. c) Compounds with linking elements represented by preposition and conjunction stems (à Ã‚ Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ »Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’à Ã‚ ´ 1986:123): bread-and-butter, father-in-law. There are also lexicalized phrases like (à Ã‚ Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ »Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’à Ã‚ ´ 1986:123) forget-me-not, devil-may-care, dog-in-the-manger. 3. According to the structure of immediate constituents (later in the research IC) compounds are divided into four groups: a) Compounds consisting of simple stems (à Ã‚ Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ »Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’à Ã‚ ´ 1986:123): bottle-neck, stare-gaze; b) Compounds where one IC is derived (à Ã‚ Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ »Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’à Ã‚ ´ 1986:123): beef-eater; c) Compounds where one IC is clipped: X-mas (Christmas) (à Ã‚ Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ »Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’à Ã‚ ´ 1986:123); d) Compounds where one IC is compound: wastepaper-basket (à Ã‚ Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ »Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’à Ã‚ ´ 1986:123). specific features of english compounds The majority of English compounds consist of free forms where combining elements are rare and possess a regular two-stem pattern. Any element playing an attributive function and standing before the main word may be united with it and form a compound word: two-year course, last-minute preparation. Derivational compounds contain two free stems and suffix referring to the whole combination: blue-eyed. There are also a lot of nonce-words among them: save-your-own-soul-ism. A special group of compounds is constituted by reduplicative compounds: reduplicative compounds proper, ablaut combinations and rhyme combinations. New word-forming patterns in composition revealing the influence of extra-linguistic factors can be illustrated by such compounds as teach-in, phone-in, sit-in, etc. These combinations contain a connotation of public protest. Compound words are frequent among nouns and adjectives but the existence of compound verbs in Modern English can be doubted. To blacklist, to over-flow are often called compound verbs. However, for example, to house-keep, to hitch-hike are created not by composition but by back-formation and conversion if treated diachronically. Conclusion To conclude the results of the research it is important to state that after having read and analyzed the theory of composition as a way of English word-formation the author of the research came to the conclusion that compounds have a long history and are one of the most popular ways of word-building in English language. It should be also mentioned that not a single criterion mentioned it the research is sufficient to establish whether we deal with a combination of words or a compound word.

Essay --

Budgetary shortfalls have become a part of everyday news and a grim reality for both public and private sectors. Negotiating a win-win scenario for all vested parties sometimes can seem like an insurmountable and daunting task. In order to run a successful municipality, all vested parties must collaborate and be solution based. Transparency plays a huge role in establishing trust, credibility and facilitating an agreeable end result. Every financial organization must create a budget. In simple terms, the budget is a plan that outlines how resources will be utilized during a specific period of time. A balanced budget generally translates into an organization demonstrating financial health and or responsibility, (Kennon, 2014). When the amount of goods or services exceeds the amount of revenue being generated, budgets then need to be revised so that they are in line. This generally means that concessions need to be made by governmental officials, union groups, employe es, constituents or all of the aforementioned stakeholders in the community. Due to a drop in revenue, a slight increase in contracted services and an increase in post employment expenditures for the current fiscal year, the mayor of my jurisdiction has asked all department heads to analyze, revise and submit a budget reflecting a 2% decrease in expenditures for the following year. This will allow for the government to remain solvent without raising the tax rate. As the department head of the public safety division, I oversee the budgets for the police and fire departments. This includes 44 full time police officer, 16 full time fire fighters and 10 part time fire fighters. Total yearly expense for the public safety division is $9,460,000 or 72% o... ... this would reduce the number of calls and offset the expense by 25% or $18,750. Each year the police and fire departments are involved in community outreach efforts. Costs in excess of $31,500 for events like the national fire safety week, national night out, crime stoppers, DARE, personal safety seminars and workshops, etcetera are typically absorbed by the public safety department and provided to the community free of charge. Being strategic as to what educational programs are offered and limiting the events to quarterly rather than monthly would save the jurisdiction approximately $7,000 annually without completely eliminating the programs that the community has come to expect. All told with the strategic approach to budget allocation and the implementation of targeted increases for those who violate the law, the proposed savings is $190,250. Essay -- Budgetary shortfalls have become a part of everyday news and a grim reality for both public and private sectors. Negotiating a win-win scenario for all vested parties sometimes can seem like an insurmountable and daunting task. In order to run a successful municipality, all vested parties must collaborate and be solution based. Transparency plays a huge role in establishing trust, credibility and facilitating an agreeable end result. Every financial organization must create a budget. In simple terms, the budget is a plan that outlines how resources will be utilized during a specific period of time. A balanced budget generally translates into an organization demonstrating financial health and or responsibility, (Kennon, 2014). When the amount of goods or services exceeds the amount of revenue being generated, budgets then need to be revised so that they are in line. This generally means that concessions need to be made by governmental officials, union groups, employe es, constituents or all of the aforementioned stakeholders in the community. Due to a drop in revenue, a slight increase in contracted services and an increase in post employment expenditures for the current fiscal year, the mayor of my jurisdiction has asked all department heads to analyze, revise and submit a budget reflecting a 2% decrease in expenditures for the following year. This will allow for the government to remain solvent without raising the tax rate. As the department head of the public safety division, I oversee the budgets for the police and fire departments. This includes 44 full time police officer, 16 full time fire fighters and 10 part time fire fighters. Total yearly expense for the public safety division is $9,460,000 or 72% o... ... this would reduce the number of calls and offset the expense by 25% or $18,750. Each year the police and fire departments are involved in community outreach efforts. Costs in excess of $31,500 for events like the national fire safety week, national night out, crime stoppers, DARE, personal safety seminars and workshops, etcetera are typically absorbed by the public safety department and provided to the community free of charge. Being strategic as to what educational programs are offered and limiting the events to quarterly rather than monthly would save the jurisdiction approximately $7,000 annually without completely eliminating the programs that the community has come to expect. All told with the strategic approach to budget allocation and the implementation of targeted increases for those who violate the law, the proposed savings is $190,250.

Porters 5 Forces Essay

Five Forces analysis for IT industry Wipro Technologies is a global information technology (IT) services company. It provides custom application design and development, IT consulting, systems integration, technology infrastructure out sourcing, software products and BPO services. Michael Porter’s Five Forces Model looks at five key areas- the threat of entry, the power of buyers, the power of suppliers, the threat of substitutes, and competitive rivalry. Threat of new entrants: New entrant in the market may have an effect on share of older counterparts Threat of substitute: Due to technological advances, Quality constraints or cost effectiveness there can be a threat of the substitute on the industry. Bargaining Power of customer: This is the bargaining power of the customer -one who is consumer of the goods. Bargaining Power of suppliers: This is the bargaining power of the supplier -one who supplies sources that are needed for finished goods. Comparative Rivalry within Industry: It tells about extent of competition in between firms in an industry. Porters Five Forces helps to analyse how these forces act together to cause the company to increase or decrease profitability of the company. The strategy of the company should be to influence these forces to maximise profitability. Hence below is a study of the IT industry and study of profitability in custom application design development, systems integration, technology infrastructure management segments of IT Threats and barriers to entry Economies of scale and Capital Investment Requirements: IT requires very low investment and hence we have hundreds of startups starting every year. While it is easy to invest and start a software company sustaining growth does not come easy. All these start-ups also play in an area where Wipro does not compete like low value projects or in subcontracted work. Hence they are not a threat to the profitability of Wipro. India is the favourite destination for off shoring Information Technology (IT) and IT enabled Services. The Indian IT/ITES industry commands more than 50% of global ITES off shoring market share. The IT/ITES exports are set to cross USD 60 billion by 2010 and Nasscom (The National Association for Software and Services Companies), estimates that the industry will account for USD 63. 7 billion of revenues and direct employment is expected to reach nearly 2. 3 million. The IT industry contributes around 26 per cent of India’s total exports and was around 6. 1 percent of India’s GDP for financial year 2009-2010 (NASSCOM, 2010). 2 Customer switching costs Wipro works across verticals like telecom, BFSI, Media and Communication, Automobiles, Government, Technology, Manufacturing, Energy, Healthcare, Hospitality etc and has several ODC or offshore development centres for nearly all top companies in the world. These offshore development centres have thousands of resources working with multi year projects earning millions of dollars of revenue a year. The cost of shifting or switching even a part of these projects to other companies would involve huge set up, transitioning costs with no guaranteed results. Wipro has quality certifications like Cmmi Level 5, PCMM Level 5,BS9977 etc and new entrants will face a barrier in this regard. Global contracts will not be given to companies with the lack of certification. The lack of security certifications will cause customers to have security related concerns while sending data offshore. 3 Access to distribution channels and technology This poses no difficulty. Many top business unit heads have previously quit from Wipro and spawned off their own company which has grown and sometimes taken a part of the market share of Wipro. Since the industry thrives on knowledge workers when a senior person leave he takes access and knowledge of customer base and customer contacts with him. The Internet is present everywhere and software technology in the era of open source is easily accessible to all. 4 Government Subsidies and policies Current favourable policy by government for new ITES-BPO firms is creating competitive situation for Wipro and other established players in the India IT industry. The reforms have reduced licensing requirements and made foreign technology accessible. The reforms have also removed restrictions on investment and made the process of investment easier. This has tremendously helped the IT industries. The Indian government is actively promoting FDI and investments from NRIs (Non-Resident Indians). FDI can be brought in through the automatic route, based on powers accorded to the Reserve Bank of India. Improvement and reach of telecommunication can aid new entrants into the IT industry. Similary improvements in infrastructure and power sector can also aid new entrants into the IT industry. Recognizing the importance of Venture Capital Funding, the Ministry of Information Technology has set up a National Venture Fund for the Software and IT Industry with a corpus of Rs. 100 crore. The main aim of the venture capital Fund is to provide Venture Capital to start up software professionals and small IT units. Nasscom (most important promoter of the IT/BPO industry) has been playing a crucial role in helping the IT industry achieve the IT and ITES vision and make India far ahead of other players in the field of IT and BPO. But new entrants and start ups can never be in the league of Wipro which adds 20-30 new customers every quarter and earns revenue in the range 0f 50-60 billon USD every quarter. 5 Brand Loyalty Since Wipro is in multi year relationships with most of it’s customers and since the relationship is driven top down from CEO level and exists sometimes with entire IT organisation of the customer, there is a deep brand loyalty that cannot be forsaken. Wipro trades on NYSE and is a well respected global company. Threat of Substitute Price is most often the main differentiator among key players in the software industry quality of service being the same. Indian IT firms like Wipro face stiff competitions from their counterpart in other emerging market like Russia, Brazil, Mexico, Philippines and China. The IT providers in these markets charge competitive rates as compared to Wipro. But Wipro has development centres in China , Philippines so that they can leverage the same advantage. At the same time Wipro attracts a huge pool of resources from the many leading technical institutions across India . These resources are trained to work in many technologies and also are very flexible with respect to work timings. Additionally, the Wipro has been exceptionally quality focused being the first Indian Cmmi Level 5 company with high-skilled pool of knowledge workers with English speaking Hence it has an upper edge over other offshore locations like China, Philippines or Latin American countries 1 Quality/Value proposition While start-ups work like a flash in the pan and sometimes do attract a first time IT outsourcer it is MNCs like IBM and Cognizant which can be identified as substitutes for Wipro. Cognizant with it’s steady and continued growth rate has taken a part of the market share of companies like Wipro. An MNC with a formidable history and background can e work as substitute for Wipro in the software industry due to the differentiation that they bring in terms of delivery models, senior people/leadership in the organisation, R;D focus, steady focus on not yet mature verticals (like healthcare in Cognizant’s case for example) and pumping back money into the business. These MNC bring a better value to the customer and engage the customer at a more strategic level . Buyer’s willingness and relative price/performance of substitute As per a report in Economic Times Emerging near shore rivals, including Ness Technologies of Israel, CPM Braxis of Brazil and Mexico-headquartered Softtek are increasingly becoming attractive for top outsourcing customers such as GE, Citibank and several others seeking to work with local, specialised vendors instead of sending all projects to offshore locations like India. Though Wipro is growing it’s presence in the emerging markets of Latin America, Eastern Europe and Asia, they face stiff competition from these newer rivals. For many customers who already have significant presence in offshore locations like India, it’s a risk diversification, Some customers having 70-80 per cent of their offshore resources in India are realising that they need to look at the third category of suppliers that are local and niche. Over the past two years, companies such as CPM Braxis, EPAM Systems, Ness Technologies, Softtek, Merchants and Spi Global have emerged as stronger rivals for Indian tech firms, especially while bidding for an outsourcing contract being fleshed out by a ‘first-time outsourcer’. Brazilian firm CPM Braxis, for instance, which counts GE, ABN Amro and Whirlpool as clients, reported revenues of around $567 million in 2008. One of the top four Brazilian banks, Bradesco, is also among the biggest customers for the company. While these emerging outsourcing rivals are not yet in the big league of mega, multi-year contracts, they are still able to gain business because of their niche and local market expertise. On an average, these companies are able to win contracts worth $2-5 million in annual contract value. Bargaining power of customer Concentration of buyers and sellers There are a large numbers of playes in the software industry. While India and Indian software companies with demonstrated performance are the lead runners, players across the world and especially from other developing countries like Brazil etc are in the run. Hence the customer has huge bargaining power. 2 Profitability of buyer OF late due to the cut in IT spending, while IT spend of the custome rs may have reduced, the number of players are vying for the same budget. Hence cost advantages become very major and customer drives the billing rates. This is because most of the projects are in maintenance or integration and quality differentiation may not be there among number of players. 3 Switching Costs But for existing projects where switching costs are high , new higher billing rates have been worked on on contract renewal even in the recession period. Also with a tighter monitoring of IT spend of customers and in an effort to distribute the risks customers also rarely give an entire project to one customer often distributing the project to all key players hence igniting rivalry and competition. Forward Integration Many captive companies have leveraged the same advantage as companies like Wipro of resource availability at low costs and have opened their captive centres in India, which acts as an IT wing of their company and develops software for them. Examples are many like Shell , JP Morgan, man international banks, Bosch, Boeing etc. Bargaining power of supplier 1 Concentration of suppliers and demand Since there are a lar ge number of technical institutions campus recruitments bring in thousands of entry level people at low salaries. But at the same time attrition is very high in the software field since with experience resources may move to greener pastures. 2 Profitability of suppliers There is a huge demand for experienced professionals in key skill areas. Companies need to continually invest in resource development and training in upcoming technologies and keep them from leaving the company by attractive remunerations, trips abroad etc. Since many of the suppliers who support the IT service industry -are local and IT industry earning capitalize on the rupee dollar difference . The suppliers are happy to be in engagement with the IT company and are happy with what they are offered though it is a miniscule of what the IT company earns. Example are cab companies. Rivalry or Competition 1 Structure of competition The key players in the IT industry are in intense competition with each other. All the major players like TCS, Infosys etc have the same kind of delivery models, verticals focus, billing rates and also almost the same customer base, geographical presence etc. So most of the competition is around excelling in domain knowledge, gaining thought leadership in technology areas and building customer relationships. But the large players are only a few in number who are clear market leaders. Still Startups concentrate on niche technologies and domains and beat inroads into the IT companies market share. Start-ups thrive on a hire and fire policy where the resources are taken on at the beginning of a project at high salaries and fired after it’s completion. Since there is no service differentiation the customer believes in divide and rule policy where the each key player is given a near equal piece of the pie, pitching one player against the other and igniting intense rivalry. The key to getting good projects is good experienced resources, number of people with a specific skill etc. Hence resource poaching is a common phenomenon. 2 Cost structure of the Industry Companies like Wipro have high overheads owing to it’s size and complex organisation structure. New companies with none of the legacy of Wipro, can come in with niche focus and take a portion of maket share related to R;D, innovation where creativity, technicall prowess is more key than standard processes, certifications etc. So time and again projects are lost to smaller companies who are more nimble and lean and once that happens it can plot the growth story of a new rival in that specific domain for Wipro. Wipro thrives majorly on large offshore multi-year dollar contracts in application maintenance, infrastructure management where skills are not high end. The requirement is to maintain large bench strength to quickly source these projects. This adds to the cost of most key players in the Indian IT scene. 3 Strategic Objectives For the past 5 years Wipro and other key players have had relatively lesser focus on moving up the value chain. All key players are still milking the standard IT services industry demand for maintenance, testing, infra management contracts with global companies in an primarly offshore model. Growth strategies are mainly to expand to newer geographies access the same standard IT services demand. Growth of all key players have been demand driven and more or less uniform. There have been few acquisitions but no aggressive growth stories amongst competing players. It can be concluded that Wipro is a key player in the IT industry and carries on with it’s brand name, sheer size and momentum as also it’s leadership and service quality. But to up the ante key differentiations have to be brought in – which needs to be paradigm shift in the way business is done. Whether the innovation is thru new technologies like cloud computing or whether it is through the review of business models to emerge as a product and/or consulting company where it engages with the customer strategically – change is to be brought in. Else the MNCS like Cognizant, near shore companies like Ness etc may soon catch up or take a part of the pie.

Free Essays on Old Tokyo

Throughout the pages of Old Tokyo, Keiko Imai Packard attempts to recreate the history of this great city between the years of 1855 and 1923. Using her grandmother’s tales as an influence, she uses her writing as a way to describe the culture and social attitudes of the time rather than give the reader only a list of dates and historical facts. She describes Edo/Tokyo’s history as ever evolving. The culture started from scratch multiple times throughout its history for various reasons including: developing political structures, changes in economic goals, and natural disasters. However, can this novel be used as historical documentation? While reading it several issues came to mind that made me ponder the validity of the book. In terms of historical text, Old Tokyo by Keiko Imai Packard should not be used as a primary source due to lack of documentation throughout the novel and obvious bias on behalf of the author and other contributing sources. However it can still be u sed it combination with other historical works as it does give helpful insight into the lives of everyday people in the city of Tokyo. The biggest problem I found while reading was the lack of documentation. By scanning Packard’s acknowledgement and preface, the reader is well aware of the different types of information that she used. She was obviously influenced by the stories that her grandmother used to tell her as a young child. â€Å"I was so interested in her manners and traditional habits that I often asked her to talk about her past. Her views of Tokyo were so different from mine, and this contrast instilled in me a lifelong fascination with the city she knew† (Packard, viii). However since her grandmother’s death she was left with just memories. In the acknowledgements she lists her different sources including a ninety-two year old man and her editor. Packard also has a bibliography at the back of the novel to list all of the books and articles that we... Free Essays on Old Tokyo Free Essays on Old Tokyo Throughout the pages of Old Tokyo, Keiko Imai Packard attempts to recreate the history of this great city between the years of 1855 and 1923. Using her grandmother’s tales as an influence, she uses her writing as a way to describe the culture and social attitudes of the time rather than give the reader only a list of dates and historical facts. She describes Edo/Tokyo’s history as ever evolving. The culture started from scratch multiple times throughout its history for various reasons including: developing political structures, changes in economic goals, and natural disasters. However, can this novel be used as historical documentation? While reading it several issues came to mind that made me ponder the validity of the book. In terms of historical text, Old Tokyo by Keiko Imai Packard should not be used as a primary source due to lack of documentation throughout the novel and obvious bias on behalf of the author and other contributing sources. However it can still be u sed it combination with other historical works as it does give helpful insight into the lives of everyday people in the city of Tokyo. The biggest problem I found while reading was the lack of documentation. By scanning Packard’s acknowledgement and preface, the reader is well aware of the different types of information that she used. She was obviously influenced by the stories that her grandmother used to tell her as a young child. â€Å"I was so interested in her manners and traditional habits that I often asked her to talk about her past. Her views of Tokyo were so different from mine, and this contrast instilled in me a lifelong fascination with the city she knew† (Packard, viii). However since her grandmother’s death she was left with just memories. In the acknowledgements she lists her different sources including a ninety-two year old man and her editor. Packard also has a bibliography at the back of the novel to list all of the books and articles that we...

The characters of Abigail and Elizabeth Essays

The characters of Abigail and Elizabeth Essays The characters of Abigail and Elizabeth Essay The characters of Abigail and Elizabeth Essay How does Miller convey the characters of Abigail and Elizabeth and shape our responses to them? Elizabeth Proctor and Abigail Williams are both characters central to Millers play. However, they are crafted to be total contrasts to each other both in character and in what Miller wants to show through them. what does he want to show? add a sentence here to connect to the rest Miller presents Elizabeth as the very religious and consequently very honest wife of John Proctor. QUOTE? Many people including her husband have an unwavering belief in her honesty. When John is in court he says That woman will never lie, Mr Danforth. She is conveyed in the play as having a strong loyalty to her husband whom she obviously loves a great deal. A proof of her love for John is seen when she is suffering a moral dilemma in court. John is more important to her than religion and therefore she tells a lie for him. Elizabeth also allows him to make his own choice of whether to confess, even though she wants him to live as she realises he could not live with himself if he confessed. She sticks to her principles throughout the play. For example she never admits to believing in witches, even when she herself is arrested. She says, If you think I am one then there are none. Through Elizabeth, Miller is trying to convey the importance of personal integrity. Elizabeth creates a great sense of morality for the audience and it is only when her character begins to degenerate in the middle of the play that she starts to lose some of her steadfastness. It is, however people like Elizabeth and Proctor in the end who use their integrity to eventually bring the situation under control. QUOTE SOMEWHERE IN THIS Miller shows Abigail on the other hand as having no regard for religion. The Puritan religion would have forbidden many of the things she does like dancing and shouting. QUOTE Her role in the play is as a servant girl, the niece of Parris, who has had an affair with John Proctor her former employee. She is conveyed as deceitful and manipulative. Millers first description of her character in the stage directions is as having an endless capacity for dissembling. Arthur Miller is warning us that nothing she does or says can be trusted. Abigails character does not really change through the play and she remains rather static. Millers main purpose in creating her was to start the drama and keep it moving. She starts the plot by introducing the idea of witchcraft to the townspeople and keeps it moving by constantly accusing more women and using her manipulative powers once again to play upon the fears of the townspeople. QUOTE In starting the drama she is not really the actual cause of the disaster, but simply, the spark to set off the bomb that had been waiting to go off in Salem. In such a small, strict community even trivial matters are stretched out of proportion to create a diversion from the monotony of daily life. Abigail played upon this property in beginning the drama. She also used the natural superstitions of the people of that time in Salem whose typical reaction to anything out of place was to blame it on witchcraft or demons. The presentation of the position of Abigail and Elizabeth in Salem is very different. The form of society of Salem was a theocracy which meant that the town was ruled by religion. Since Elizabeth is a religious woman and at the beginning of the play she is married to one of the most important men in the village, she herself is a respected and honourable member of the town. To completely contrast with Abigail, Arthur Miller has created the character of Abigail to have no apparent regard for religion. As a servant girl she is neither respected nor given much attention. Therefore Abigail has virtually no status at all. NO POWER- THEMES She is obviously not approved of or trusted by the other villagers either as she has remained without a job after her dismissal from the Proctor household. Her Uncle, Parris, raised this point. And yet it has troubled me called for your service. The villages also link her name with evil in gossip that her Uncle also questions her about. Your name in the town- is it entirely white? This gives Abigail motive for her behaviour as she wishes to become more important, gain respect and have people care for her. Her more sinister motive is revenge as she wishes to take Elizabeths place, as she believes that John belongs to her. Her hate of Elizabeth is established very early on in the play with Bettys allegation You drank a charm to kill Goody Proctor. At the beginning of the play, however, we are not convinced that she will succeed. Later on, though there are moments where the audience feels that it is inevitable that Abigail will achieve her goal. Overall the two women are, as in most aspects, at the extremes of the scale. At the beginning of the play Elizabeth is one of the most significant women and Abigail one of the least significant. While Elizabeths position falls drastically in the middle of the play, Abigail gains esteem. At the very end of the play Elizabeth regains some of her lost respect and the revelation of Abigails true character banishes her lower than her former position in society.

Strategic Account for Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Account for Decision Making - Essay Example These are assessed in order. It is evident that BPC is performing better in both. The margins indicate that FF(Cardiff) has still some more opportunities to cut down costs and increase the margin by about 2%. This is also substantiated by the Expenses/Sales ratio (90% to 92%). However, FF(Cardiff) uses about  £41 ( £319 -  £278) more to generate  £1000 sales, i.e., the asset turnover rate is lesser in FF(Cardiff). This is a significant difference and so, FF(Cardiff) has to take some action to optimize the use of assets. These figures indicate that FF(Cardiff) does not utilize both fixed and current assets to the optimum extent. The ratios indicate that there is a major problem with fixed assets, i.e., BPF utilizes about  £254 of fixed assets to generate sales of  £1000 whereas FF(Cardiff) takes about  £287 worth of fixed assets to generate  £1000 sales. This difference ( £33) indicates that the processes used by FF(Cardiff) are not efficient. The current assets too have a major impact on sales (41.7x to 33x). In order to estimate the extent to which each current asset contributes to the issue, the next three ratios (7, 8 and 9) are compared with those of the best performing club (BPC). The stock turnover period indicates that FF(Cardiff) is more efficient in moving the stock. However, FF(Cardiff) can improvise on debt collection period, since it takes 3.1 days for FF(Cardiff) to collect cash whereas BPF does it in 2.4 days. These figures indicate that FF(Cardiff) takes about (365/59) 6 days to convert cash in the bank to sales, whereas BPF takes about roughly (365/83.3) 4 days to convert cash to sales. This is a significant difference (2 days), but it is not of great importance. However, FF(Cardiff) can focus on reducing the cash in the bank and convert them to sales at a faster rate, as cash kept idle does not reap any profits. As far as the liquidity ratios are concerned, there is no much difference in the current ratios (1.8:1 and 1.7:1).     

The Great Gatsby Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Great Gatsby - Essay Example Nick is arguably the most important character in the novel. Nick plays a key role in The Great Gatsby, he can be trusted as a narrator because whatever he says seems very genuine, this paper will shed more light upon this novel. The Great Gatsby is an intriguing novel which was first published in the year 1925, the First World War was fought between 1914 to 1918 and the novel reflects the happenings of the First World War in more ways than one. The Americans were well ahead of all their counterparts once the war came to an end, they were economically very sound and also had better infrastructure than most other countries, the same gave them an air of invincibility and they walked with their noses in the air. The Americans also believed that everything could be purchased because it was boom time for the economy, the booming economy also instilled a lot of confidence in the Americans and they started purchasing goods on credit. On the other hand the war had also taken a toll on the Ame ricans, the country had just started to recover from a major setback and everything was in real chaos. â€Å"Honesty is does not seem to determine which characters are sympathetic and which are not in this novel in quite the same way that it does in others. Nick is able to admire Gatsby despite his knowledge of the man's illegal dealings and bootlegging. Ironically, it is the corrupt Daisy who takes pause at Gatsby's sordid past. Her indignation at his "dishonesty," however, is less moral than class-based. Her sense of why Gatsby should not behave in an immoral manner is based on what she expects from members of her milieu, rather than what she believes to be intrinsically right.† (The Great Gatsby)   During the First World War the Americans helped each other by several ways but all this changed once the war was over, the author has tried to portray greed, cynicism and indifference towards other people through his novel the Great Gatsby, it is not about just one man loving a woman, the novel has much more to it than just that. â€Å"I hope she’ll be a fool—that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.† (The Great Gatsby, Chapter 1) These lines were spoken by Daisy in chapter 1, she is talking to Nick and Jordan and this is what she hopes to do for her infant daughter. This goes to show that intelligence in women was not valued at all back then. The older generation wanted women to be docile and the younger generation wanted to derive physical pleasure out of females back then. Empty pursuit of pleasure is perhaps the highlight of this novel, the American dream becomes corrupt beyond imagination because of the parties thrown by Gatsby every Saturday. The Americans who had fought the war became very disillusioned and money-minded, they started believing that money could buy anything and everything and this also marked the start of something which would prevail for several years and the same is al so prevalent, there are many people who firmly believe that money would buy them happiness but the truth is much different from this. The Stock market started recovering and this resulted in people having access to a lot of money which they would blindly blowup on unnecessary things, the spending power had increased but the same also caused

Dorian Gray Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dorian Gray - Essay Example The warning has its effect, and he resolves to beg Sibyl to pardon his outburst and to marry him. True, the warning comes too late to make Sibyl any happier, but Dorian takes his first step down to the abyss of his doom when he shows no real sorrow at her fate and goes to enjoy himself at the opera with Harry Wotton. The Picture is a mere reflection of his inner nature-its effect on him should have been positive, but Dorian chose to ignore its message. The artist Basil Hallward might have been inclined to blame himself, at least in part, for Dorian's disaster, but it is actually Basil who tries the hardest to preserve Dorian's 'purity.' The question is whether Dorian was ever pure. When he senses that Basil was not too keen on his becoming intimate with Lord Wotton, Dorian perversely pushes for Wotton to stay longer at their first meeting. Anyway, Harry Wotton had privately determined to stay, and to become intimate enough with Dorian to 'influence' him. Basil's death was occasioned by his own attempts to bring Dorian back to the straight path. Dorian not only does not follow his advice, he mouths Wotton's words only to irritate Basil. When Basil tries hard to get him to repent and turn a new leaf, he is not only unscrupulously murdered but ruthlessly vaporized by Dorian for his pains. It might be argued that Lord Henry Wotton should be found guilty of influencing the course of Dorian's dark life and thus be held responsible for the dreadful death of the young man. It was, after all, he who influenced Dorian, by his very persuasive words and views, and by his gift of the 'yellow book' to be a 'hedonist.' In reply, one might say that Dorian actively sought to be influenced by Harry, and actively exceeded the scope and field of the influence. Moreover, if he understood that Harry Wotton only preached hedonism without really practicing it, he did not follow that admirable example. He chose to be first a narcissist and then a hedonist, before ending up as a detestably extreme combination of both. Conversing with Dorian at the end of the novel, Lord Wotton appears a nave greenhorn before a connoisseur of vice. Anyone with some knowledge of the details of Oscar Wilde's biography would be quick to discern aspects of Wilde in characters as diverse as Basil Hallward, Harry Wotton, and Dorian Gray. There would surely be some who would blame Wilde for the 'immorality' of Wotton and Gray. The course of the novel, however, makes it clear that the author's standpoint is characterized by the highest standards of true morality and sincerity, rather than conventional hypocrisy or downright immorality. Again, any inclination to lay the blame at the door of God or Fate would have to be checked by the awareness that Dorian's downslide is active, rather than passive or forced, from the moment he chose hedonism over repentance, on hearing of Sibyl's death. Victorian hypocrisy has been attacked more strongly by few Victorians other than Oscar Wilde, and he is as audacious as ever in giving the five-finger-salute to the Society of the times. In fact, towards the end, Dorian Gray makes a very rare affirmation of sensitivity when he tries to prevent the shooting of a hare. Ironically, it was not a hare, but a man it was that died-the very man who had been stalking Dorian Gray. The

“Helping the Homeless” Critical response Essay Example for Free

â€Å"Helping the Homeless† Critical response Essay Homeless is a common feature in most developed countries. It has existed for a long time often we choose not to see the homeless, or bother with them, so we look the other way. Homeless is not prejudice toward race, creed or religion, it has no boundaries. Don’t look at the at them and judge them like they are all bad person, they are all lazy that’s why they become the homeless. Look at their past and listen to their story because not all of homeless people are bad. â€Å"Helping the Homeless† by Malcoln Feeley will show us about it because he was to the one of the homeless. Feeley had been the homeless in a few years because he was an alcoholic and lost his job, even his family. He lived on the streets, under the bridge and slept in the park. He met a lot of good friends that they all had the same problem. They all like brothers, they shared the food, and drink to someone really need. They took care; help each other to survive every day in their life. â€Å"We shared bottles and food when someone didn’t have anything, and we watched each other’s back†. They also were a good people, a hard worker, with a fully decent and be honest to everyone. The reason they became a homeless because the job are not available as they were back in the day. People are losing their homes, jobs and credit so they couldn’t pay rent for house, pay the basic things that they need in life. They couldn’t find any help from people to help them find a job, even with the less payment. â€Å"Other homeless, through no fault of their own, have lost their jobs and can’t pay rent. Many are war veterans who returned with emotional or physical problems that prevented them from holding jobs or fitting back into society†. Some people got back from war with damaged about physically, mentally with disable to working, what could they do to survive in our life? Nowhere or any company want to hire them because they think those people can’t work, but a good person always stays inside of them, they didn’t rob nor did a bad thing to make money to survive while they were a homeless, they are not how people thinking. â€Å"Young people who run away from home or believe living on the streets is an adventure are among the transient homeless who come, eventually leave, and are replaced by an endless flood of alienated youth†. Some people they chose to live in the street because they want to be one of them to understand the worth of life that they having, where they can find work from the street. They are just a people who are down on their luck. People are always so quick to judge them. Many of them are just normal people who’ve been dealt a bad hand. Some of them can turn out to be very put together, successful members of society it given the right opportunities. They need our help although it is a really small thing, It will make a big different. Like the author said† I help the homeless for one reason: they are my brothers and sisters. And yours.† We should not judge at the homeless people until we get to know them, look at them with all respectful and give them your help because you don’t know that someday in your life you will be one of them.